Spatial‐aware contrastive learning for cross‐domain medical image registration

Abstract Background With the rapid advancement of medical imaging technologies, precise image analysis and diagnosis play a crucial role in enhancing treatment outcomes and patient care. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as pivotal technologies in medical imaging, exhibit unique advantages in bone imaging and soft tissue contrast, respectively. However, cross‐domain medical image registration confronts significant challenges due to the substantial differences in contrast, texture, and noise levels between different imaging modalities. Purpose The purpose of this study is to address the major challenges encountered in the field of cross‐domain medical image registration by proposing a spatial‐aware contrastive learning approach that effectively integrates shared information from CT and MRI images. Our objective is to optimize the feature space representation by employing advanced reconstruction and contrastive loss functions, overcoming the limitations of traditional registration methods when dealing with different imaging modalities. Through this approach, we aim to enhance the model's ability to learn structural similarities across domain images, improve registration accuracy, and provide more precise imaging analysis tools for clinical diagnosis and treatment planning. Methods With prior knowledge that different domains of images (CT and MRI) share same content‐style information, we extract equivalent feature spaces from both images, enabling accurate cross‐domain point matching. We employ a structure resembling that of an autoencoder, augmented with designed reconstruction and contrastive losses to fulfill our objectives. We also propose region mask to solve the conflict between spatial correlation and distinctiveness, to obtain a better representation space. Results Our research results demonstrate the significant superiority of the proposed spatial‐aware contrastive learning approach in the domain of cross‐domain medical image registration. Quantitatively, our method achieved an average Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 85.68%, target registration error (TRE) of 1.92 mm, and mean Hausdorff distance (MHD) of 1.26 mm, surpassing current state‐of‐the‐art methods. Additionally, the registration processing time was significantly reduced to 2.67 s on a GPU, highlighting the efficiency of our approach. The experimental outcomes not only validate the effectiveness of our method in improving the accuracy of cross‐domain image registration but also prove its adaptability across different medical image analysis scenarios, offering robust support for enhancing diagnostic precision and patient treatment outcomes. Conclusions The spatial‐aware contrastive learning approach proposed in this paper introduces a new perspective and solution to the domain of cross‐domain medical image registration. By effectively optimizing the feature space representation through carefully designed reconstruction and contrastive loss functions, our method significantly improves the accuracy and stability of registration between CT and MRI images. The experimental results demonstrate the clear advantages of our approach in enhancing the accuracy of cross‐domain image registration, offering significant application value in promoting precise diagnosis and personalized treatment planning. In the future, we look forward to further exploring the application of this method in a broader range of medical imaging datasets and its potential integration with other advanced technologies, contributing more innovations to the field of medical image analysis and processing.