Seismic evidence of an extremely thin crust along a 70 Ma slow-spreading crustal segment in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean

The oceanic crust at slow-spreading ridges is formed by a combination of magmatic and tectonic processes. Seismic tomographic studies, commonly used to determine crustal structures, indicate that mature slow-spreading crust has an average thickness of 6.1 ± 0.9 km, with a lower to upper crustal thickness ratio of 2.3. However, tomographic methods are based on high-frequency approximations and can only provide information about large-scale crustal structures. Using seismic full-waveform inversion applied to ocean bottom seismometer data, we report the presence of nearly uniform and extremely thin crust (4 ± 0.2 km) with a lower to upper crustal thickness ratio of 0.74 along an ∼100 km, 70 Ma crustal segment formed at the slow-spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. This thin crust is underlain by a Moho transition zone that is 1 ± 0.5 km thick, resulting in a combined crustal and Moho transition zone thickness of 5 ± 0.6 km. The crustal thinning is primarily due to the thinning of the lower crust, suggesting that a significant part of the crust is formed by lava flows and dike intrusions. The presence of an extremely thin crust indicates a decrease in mantle temperature by at least 50 °C, suggesting a vast extent of the upper mantle thermal minimum in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean, and the absence of influence of the mantle from the Siera Leone mantle plume 70 m.y. ago.