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Hyphae of the fungus Aspergillus nidulans demonstrate chemotropism to nutrients and pH

菌丝 巢状曲霉 生物 真菌 生物物理学 微生物学 共生 营养物 植物 细胞生物学 生物化学 细菌 生态学 基因 突变体 遗传学
作者
Riho Yamamoto,Hinata Miki,Ayaka Itani,Norio Takeshita
出处
期刊:PLOS Biology [Public Library of Science]
卷期号:22 (7): e3002726-e3002726
标识
DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.3002726
摘要

The importance of fungi in ecological systems and pathogenicity hinges on their ability to search for nutrients, substrates, and hosts. Despite this, the question of whether fungal hyphae exhibit chemotropism toward them remains largely unresolved and requires close examination at the cellular level. Here, we designed a microfluidic device to assess hyphal chemotropism of Aspergillus nidulans in response to carbon and nitrogen sources, as well as pH. Within this device, hyphae could determine their growth direction in a two-layer flow with distinct compositions that were adjacent but non-mixing. Under conditions with and without a carbon source, hyphae changed growth direction to remain in the presence of a carbon source, but it was still difficult to distinguish between differences in growth and chemotropism. Although nitrogen sources such as ammonia and nitrate are important for growth, the hyphae indicated negative chemotropism to avoid them depending on the specific transporters. This fungus grows equally well at the colony level in the pH range of 4 to 9, but the hyphae exhibited chemotropism to acidic pH. The proton pump PmaA is vital for the chemotropism to acid pH, while the master regulatory for pH adaptation PacC is not involved, suggesting that chemotropism and adaptive growth via gene expression regulation are distinct regulatory mechanisms. Despite various plasma membrane transporters are distributed across membranes except at the hyphal tip, the control of growth direction occurs at the tip. Finally, we explored the mechanisms linking these two phenomena, tip growth and chemotropism.
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