视神经脊髓炎
髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白
白质
病理
多发性硬化
视神经炎
医学
岛叶皮质
萎缩
免疫学
磁共振成像
疾病
实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎
精神科
放射科
作者
Rosa Cortese,Marco Battaglini,Ferrán Prados,Giordano Gentile,Ludovico Luchetti,Alessia Bianchi,Lukas Haider,Anu Jacob,Jacqueline Palace,Silvia Messina,Friedemann Paul,Romain Marignier,Françoise Durand‐Dubief,Carolina de Medeiros Rimkus,Samira Luísa Apóstolos‐Pereira,Douglas Kazutoshi Sato,Massimo Filippi,Maria A. Rocca,Laura Cacciaguerra,Àlex Rovira
摘要
Objective To evaluate: (1) the distribution of gray matter (GM) atrophy in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease (MOGAD), aquaporin‐4 antibody‐positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4+NMOSD), and relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS); and (2) the relationship between GM volumes and white matter lesions in various brain regions within each disease. Methods A retrospective, multicenter analysis of magnetic resonance imaging data included patients with MOGAD/AQP4+NMOSD/RRMS in non‐acute disease stage. Voxel‐wise analyses and general linear models were used to evaluate the relevance of regional GM atrophy. For significant results ( p < 0.05), volumes of atrophic areas are reported. Results We studied 135 MOGAD patients, 135 AQP4+NMOSD, 175 RRMS, and 144 healthy controls (HC). Compared with HC, MOGAD showed lower GM volumes in the temporal lobes, deep GM, insula, and cingulate cortex (75.79 cm 3 ); AQP4+NMOSD in the occipital cortex (32.83 cm 3 ); and RRMS diffusely in the GM (260.61 cm 3 ). MOGAD showed more pronounced temporal cortex atrophy than RRMS (6.71 cm 3 ), whereas AQP4+NMOSD displayed greater occipital cortex atrophy than RRMS (19.82 cm 3 ). RRMS demonstrated more pronounced deep GM atrophy in comparison with MOGAD (27.90 cm 3 ) and AQP4+NMOSD (47.04 cm 3 ). In MOGAD, higher periventricular and cortical/juxtacortical lesions were linked to reduced temporal cortex, deep GM, and insula volumes. In RRMS, the diffuse GM atrophy was associated with lesions in all locations. AQP4+NMOSD showed no lesion/GM volume correlation. Interpretation GM atrophy is more widespread in RRMS compared with the other two conditions. MOGAD primarily affects the temporal cortex, whereas AQP4+NMOSD mainly involves the occipital cortex. In MOGAD and RRMS, lesion‐related tract degeneration is associated with atrophy, but this link is absent in AQP4+NMOSD. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:276–288
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