Effects of six Chinese mind-body exercise therapies on glycolipid metabolism and vascular endothelial function in hypertensive patients

Hypertension adversely affects glycolipid metabolism and vascular function in aging populations. This network meta-analysis evaluated 36 randomized trials (n = 2875) comparing traditional mind-body exercises (Tai Chi, Baduanjin, Daoyinyangshengshu) for metabolic and vascular improvements. Analyses revealed Tai Chi most effectively raised high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (standardized mean differences [SMD] = 0.88), while Daoyinyangshengshu optimally reduced fasting glucose (SMD = -1.21) and endothelin-1 (SMD = -1.82) while increasing nitric oxide (SMD = 1.41). Baduanjin best lowered low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (SMD = -0.95), with other exercises improving cholesterol and triglycerides. The findings demonstrate that specific mind-body practices differentially enhance cardiometabolic health, with Tai Chi and Daoyinyangshengshu showing particular promise for comprehensive benefits. These evidence-based results support incorporating traditional exercises into hypertension management protocols to address both metabolic and vascular dysfunction.