Oyster hydrolysate via dynamic enzymolysis ameliorates male sexual dysfunction in mice

increased SOD/GSH activity and reduced MDA content, improving renal function indicated by decreased BUN/sCr levels, and normalizing endocrine homeostasis through the upregulation of serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone. Bioinformatic analysis further suggested involvement of oxytocin and cGMP-PKG signaling pathways. Our findings establish DEMR-derived OEH as a promising natural therapeutic agent for MSD, functioning through integrated antioxidant, renoprotective, and endocrine-modulating pathways.