Environmentally friendly waterproof and breathable membranes via electrospinning

AbstractWaterproof and breathable membranes (WBMs) via electrospinning have substantial implications for textiles, environment, and energy by virtue of blocking the penetration of liquid water and allowing the permeation of water vapor; however, the practical application of these membranes is severely limited by hazardous spinning solvents and water repellents. Therefore, environmentally friendly electrospun WBMs have attracted increasing levels of interest. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the design, fabrication, and application of environmentally friendly electrospun WBMs. Firstly, we introduce the design and fabrication of environmentally friendly WBMs via electrospinning using short-chain fluorinated and fluorine-free repellents or even without using any water repellent. Secondly, the design and fabrication of environmentally friendly WBMs via electrospinning using low-toxic organic solvents and water or even without using any spinning solvent are discussed. Subsequently, we highlight the representative applications of environmentally friendly electrospun WBMs in protective clothing, medical care, wearable electronics, and water purification. In the end, the challenges and future perspectives are presented.Keywords: Environmentally friendlyelectrospinningwaterproof and breathable membraneswater repellentsspinning solvents Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52103050) and the Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology (No. 21ZR1402600).