Triazine-Based Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks as Cathode-Active Materials in Lithium- and Sodium-Ion Batteries

Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) are lightweight, porous organic materials that are increasingly used in industrial applications. Particularly interesting are HOFs with redox-active units, which show promise as electrode materials for rechargeable batteries like other porous organic polymers. This study focused on triazine-based HOFs (PFC-11, PFC-12, and PFC-13), which possess strong redox and mechanical properties owing to the nitrogen-incorporated triazine units within their rigid heterocyclic frameworks. The performance of these triazine-based HOFs as cathode-active materials in rechargeable lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries was evaluated. These HOFs demonstrated robust cycle stability and maintained battery capacity, particularly in SIB systems, owing to the inherent stability of the HOF structure. These findings highlight the potential of rigid, redox-active triazine-based HOFs as promising candidates for high-performance energy-storage devices and underscore the advantages of integrating rigid, redox-active heterocyclic compounds into HOF structures for future battery applications.