Cu–Mo Bimetal Modulated Multifunctional Carbon Nanofibers Promoting the Polysulfides Conversion for High-Sulfur-Loading Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

High sulfur loading is essential for achieving high energy density lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. However, serious issues such as low sulfur utilization, poor cycling stability, and sluggish rate performance have been exposed when increasing the sulfur loading for freestanding cathodes. To solve these problems, the adsorption/catalytic ability of high-sulfur-loading cathode toward polysulfides must be improved. Herein, based on excellent properties of cationic MOFs, we proposed that Cu-Mo bimetallic nanoparticles embedded in multifunctional freestanding nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanofibers (Cu-Mo@NPCN) with efficient catalytic sites could be prepared by facile MoO42- anion exchange of cationic MOFs. And, the sulfur embedded in Cu-Mo@NPCN was directly used as self-supporting electrodes, enabling a high areal capacity, good rate performance, and decent cycling stability even under high sulfur loading. The freestanding Cu-Mo@NPCN/10.3S cathode achieves a high volumetric capacity of 1163 mA h cm-3 and a decent areal capacity of 9.3 mA h cm-2 at 0.2 C with a sulfur loading of 10.3 mg cm-2. This work provides an innovative approach for engineering a freestanding sulfur cathode and would forward the development of cationic MOF-derived bimetallic catalysts in various energy storage systems.