[Study on the protective effect of cooling the surface of frozen water on renal function in robotic-assisted laparoscopic nephrect].

Objective: To compare the effects of ice water kidney cooling and traditional non-cooling surgery on postoperative renal function in robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, and explore its clinical value in protecting renal function. Methods: A retrospective analysis is conducted on the base of the clinical data of patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in Second Affiliated Hospital of Navy Military Medical University from January to November 2019. A total of 89 cases, of which 21 cases were treated with ice water to cool the kidney surface and block the renal artery during the operation (cooling group); 68 cases only clamp the renal artery (control group). Compare the difference of the operation time, R.E.N.A.L. score, intraoperative blood loss, renal artery block of time,postoperative intestinal recovery time, cut edge positive rate, preoperative and postoperative blood electrolyte levels, the change of blood creatinine and GFR before operation and the first and third months after the operation and other indicators between two groups. Results: All the 89 patients completed the operation normally, and no conversion to open surgery or to general endoscopic surgery. The two groups of patients had statistically significant differences in tumor diameter [7.0(5.5, 8.0) vs 3.8(3.0, 5.0) cm, P<0.001], R.E.N.A.L. score [8.0(6.5, 8.0) vs 6.0(5.0, 8.0), P=0.003], Chloride (Cl-) in the blood [(103.29±2.81) vs (104.74±2.58) mmol/L, P=0.030], (P<0.05) in the preoperative data. There were significant differences in renal artery occlusion time [20.0(18.5, 27.5) vs 19.0(15.0, 21.0) min, P=0.023] and operation time [168.0(130.0, 182.5) vs 130.0(110.0, 177.5) min, P=0.007] between the two groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the blood creatinine after one or 3 month as well as for the glomerular filtration rate (all P>0.05). After follow-up for 3-24 months, no tumor recurrence or distant metastasis occurred in both groups, and no related complications caused by ice-free Water Cooling Technique in the cooling group. Conclusions: It is safe and effective to apply kidney surface cooling technique with ice water in robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for complex kidney tumor. It can significantly reduce the renal parenchyma warm ischemia injury of renal parenchyma. And it's conducive to the recovery of patients with postoperative renal function, which can maximize the protection of renal function of patients.目的： 对比机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术（RALPN）中应用冰水肾脏降温与传统非降温手术对术后肾功能的影响，探讨其对患肾功能保护的临床价值。 方法： 回顾性分析2019年1至11月海军军医大学第二附属医院89例行RALPN患者的临床资料，其中21例术中采用肾动脉主干阻断+肾脏降温（降温组）；68例单纯采用肾动脉主干阻断+常温（常温组）。比较两组患者手术时间、R.E.N.A.L.评分、术中出血量、肾动脉阻断时间、术后肠道恢复时间、切缘阳性率、术前及术后血电解质水平、术前及术后1个月、3个月血肌酐和肾小球滤过率（GFR）等指标。 结果： 89例患者中，男66例，女23例；年龄17~77（51.9±12.6）岁。患者均正常完成手术，无中转开放手术或改普通腔镜手术。术前资料统计降温组与常温组患者在肿瘤直径［7.0（5.5，8.0）比3.8（3.0，5.0）cm］、R.E.N.A.L.评分［8.0（6.5，8.0）比6.0（5.0，8.0）分］和血Cl-［（103.29±2.81）比（104.74±2.58）mmol/L］差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；两组术中肾动脉阻断时间［20.0（18.5，27.5）比19.0（15.0，21.0）min］和手术时间［168.0（130.0，182.5）比130.0（110.0，177.5）min］差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；两组术后1个月和术后3个月血肌酐、术后1个月和术后3个月GFR差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。术后随访3~24个月，两组患者均无肿瘤复发及远处转移，降温组无冰水降温技术所致相关并发症。 结论： 对复杂肾脏肿瘤行RALPN应用冰水肾脏降温技术是安全、有效的，不仅能显著减轻肾实质热缺血损伤，利于患者术后肾功能的恢复；同时可以有效降级手术难度，最大化保护患者肾功能。.