生物
器官发生
小肠
细胞生物学
间充质干细胞
干细胞
类有机物
解剖
胃
上皮
回肠
胚胎干细胞
前肠
内分泌学
生物化学
基因
遗传学
作者
Sha Wang,Katherine D. Walton,Deborah L. Gumucio
出处
期刊:Current Topics in Developmental Biology
日期:2019-01-01
卷期号:: 31-65
被引量:13
标识
DOI:10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.12.001
摘要
The adult gastrointestinal tract (GI) is a series of connected organs (esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon) that develop via progressive regional specification of a continuous tubular embryonic organ anlage. This chapter focuses on organogenesis of the small intestine. The intestine arises by folding of a flat sheet of endodermal cells into a tube of highly proliferative pseudostratified cells. Dramatic elongation of this tube is driven by rapid epithelial proliferation. Then, epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk and physical forces drive a stepwise cascade that results in convolution of the tubular surface into finger-like projections called villi. Concomitant with villus formation, a sharp epithelial transcriptional boundary is defined between stomach and intestine. Finally, flask-like depressions called crypts are established to house the intestinal stem cells needed throughout life for epithelial renewal. New insights into these events are being provided by in vitro organoid systems, which hold promise for future regenerative engineering of the small intestine.
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