生物
DNA甲基化
表观遗传学
表观遗传学
差异甲基化区
体育锻炼的表观遗传学
组蛋白
组蛋白甲基转移酶
染色质
神经发生的表观遗传调控
遗传学
RNA导向的DNA甲基化
组蛋白甲基化
染色质重塑
基因
基因表达
作者
Kohta Ikegami,Jun Ohgane,Satoshi Tanaka,Shintaro Yagi,Kunio Shiota
标识
DOI:10.1387/ijdb.082741ki
摘要
Genes constitute only a small proportion of the mammalian genome, the majority of which is composed of non-genic repetitive elements including interspersed repeats and satellites. A unique feature of the mammalian genome is that there are numerous tissue-dependent, differentially methylated regions (T-DMRs) in the non-repetitive sequences, which include genes and their regulatory elements. The epigenetic status of T-DMRs varies from that of repetitive elements and constitutes the DNA methylation profile genome-wide. Since the DNA methylation profile is specific to each cell and tissue type, much like a fingerprint, it can be used as a means of identification. The formation of DNA methylation profiles is the basis for cell differentiation and development in mammals. The epigenetic status of each T-DMR is regulated by the interplay between DNA methyltransferases, histone modification enzymes, histone subtypes, non-histone nuclear proteins and non-coding RNAs. In this review, we will discuss how these epigenetic factors cooperate to establish cell- and tissue-specific DNA methylation profiles.
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