间质细胞
肿瘤微环境
胰腺癌
基质
癌症研究
肿瘤异质性
癌变
医学
遗传异质性
肿瘤进展
癌症
胰腺肿瘤
内科学
转移
肿瘤科
癌症干细胞
克拉斯
生物
癌细胞
癌相关成纤维细胞
免疫学
肿瘤细胞
基因
免疫组织化学
表型
生物化学
作者
Anna Maxi Wandmacher,Anne-Sophie Mehdorn,Susanne Sebens
出处
期刊:Cancers
[MDPI AG]
日期:2021-09-30
卷期号:13 (19): 4932-4932
被引量:13
标识
DOI:10.3390/cancers13194932
摘要
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is commonly diagnosed at advanced stages and most anti-cancer therapies have failed to substantially improve prognosis of PDAC patients. As a result, PDAC is still one of the deadliest tumors. Tumor heterogeneity, manifesting at multiple levels, provides a conclusive explanation for divergent survival times and therapy responses of PDAC patients. Besides tumor cell heterogeneity, PDAC is characterized by a pronounced inflammatory stroma comprising various non-neoplastic cells such as myofibroblasts, endothelial cells and different leukocyte populations which enrich in the tumor microenvironment (TME) during pancreatic tumorigenesis. Thus, the stromal compartment also displays a high temporal and spatial heterogeneity accounting for diverse effects on the development, progression and therapy responses of PDAC. Adding to this heterogeneity and the impact of the TME, the microbiome of PDAC patients is considerably altered. Understanding this multi-level heterogeneity and considering it for the development of novel therapeutic concepts might finally improve the dismal situation of PDAC patients. Here, we outline the current knowledge on PDAC cell heterogeneity focusing on different stromal cell populations and outline their impact on PDAC progression and therapy resistance. Based on this information, we propose some novel concepts for treatment of PDAC patients.
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