活性氧
氧化应激
氧气
氧化磷酸化
细胞呼吸
抗氧化剂
化学
细胞生物学
生物能学
三磷酸腺苷
细胞信号
生物化学
线粒体
生物物理学
信号转导
生物
有机化学
作者
Genaro Gabriel Ortíz,Fermín Paul Pacheco Moisés,Mario Alberto Mireles-Ramírez,Luis Javier Flores-Alvarado,Héctor González‐Usigli,Víctor J. Sánchez-González,Angélica Lizeth Sánchez-López,Lorenzo Sánchez-Romero,Eduardo I Díaz-Barba,J Francisco Santoscoy-Gutiérrez,Paloma Rivero-Moragrega
出处
期刊:Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology
日期:2017-01-01
卷期号:: 1-31
被引量:48
标识
DOI:10.1016/bs.apcsb.2017.01.003
摘要
Molecular oxygen is essential for aerobic organisms in order to synthesize large amounts of energy during the process of oxidative phosphorylation and it is harnessed in the form of adenosine triphosphate, the chemical energy of the cell. Oxygen is toxic for anaerobic organisms but it is also less obvious that oxygen is poisonous to aerobic organisms at higher concentrations of oxygen. For instance, oxygen toxicity is a condition resulting from the harmful effects of breathing molecular oxygen at increased partial pressures. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive molecules containing oxygen that are formed as a natural byproduct of the normal metabolism of oxygen and have important roles in cell signaling and homeostasis. However, in pathological conditions ROS levels can increase dramatically. This may result in significant damage to cell structures. Living organisms have been adapted to the ROS in two ways: they can mitigate the unwanted effects through removal by the antioxidant systems and can advantageously use them as messengers in cell signaling and regulation of body functions. Some other physiological functions of ROS include the regulation of vascular tone, detection, and adaptation to hypoxia. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of oxidative damage and its relationship with the most highly studied neurodegenerative diseases.
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