This project involved the study of a variety of different surfaces and structures in gaseous and liquid environments using the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and other scanning probe microscopes with the aim of obtaining a better understanding of electrode surfaces and the processes occuring on these surfaces. With the STM we investigated chemical changes on the surface of electrodes, e.g., corrosion, passivation, and biochemical activities, and studied the energetics for electron transfer at the surfaces of semiconductors. We also investigated nanostructures (for example, very small semiconductor particles, porous Si, and self-assembled monolayers) using this technique. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), Scanning probe microscopy (SPM), Semiconductor surfaces, Electrode surfaces, Nanostructures