Photothermal-responsive polydopamine magnetic nanomotors with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties for thrombolysis

Abstract Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is the standard thrombolytic agent that clinical guidelines recommend, while its administration is often associated with systemic bleeding risks. Here, we present a novel photothermal-responsive magnetic nanomotor (rPMP) for safely rt-PA thrombolysis. rPMP comprises Fe 3 O 4 cores and mesopore SiO 2 shells for rt-PA loading, facilitating rapid response to magnetic fields and delivery of rt-PA at the thrombus site. In addition, polydopamine (PDA) is coated around the outermost layer of rPMP to alleviate oxidative stress in vascular endothelial cells, suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine expression via the Wnt signaling pathway, and facilitate thrombolysis through the photothermal effect. Taken together, these features demonstrate that rPMP enables efficient thrombus dissolution in rat models, as evidenced by decreased thrombus area, reduced inflammatory cytokines, and less oxidative damage. Thus, we believe that the photothermal-responsive magnetic nanomotors represent a promising therapeutic platform for clinical thrombolysis.