The brain-behavior association mechanism of Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS) in regulating VR motion sickness

Virtual Reality (VR) motion sickness remains a major barrier to widespread VR adoption[1]. Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that delivers weak electrical currents through electrodes placed over the bilateral mastoid processes to modulate vestibular afferent activity[2]. Although GVS has shown behavioral promise in alleviating VR motion sickness[3–5], the neural mechanisms underlying these effects remain largely unknown, limiting the development of targeted stimulation protocols.