Development history and current research status of cephalosporins

Due to their advantages such as strong antibacterial activities,good clinical efficacy,activities against penicillinase production bacteria,low toxicities,and fewer allergic reaction compared with penicillin,there are nearly seventy cephalosporins widely used in clinical works during the past half century.Cephalosporins are usually divided into four generations and each generation has its own characteristics and different clinical indications.Bacteria resistance always accompanyies with the continual development of cephalosporin.Therefore,development of new cephalosporins through modifying the cephalosporin nucleus 7-ACA becomes the research focus of medical researchers in recent years.Ceftbiprole medocaril and ceftaroline fosamil are two new parenteral cephalosporins with good activities against gram positive bacteria including MRSA,and gram negative bacteria.Now phase 3 clinical trials of the two cephalosporins have completed,these new cephalosporins will provide us with new options for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by MRSA and mixed bacteria.