Two-dimensional non-layered materials

Owing to atomically thin structure and high-activity surface, two-dimensional (2D) non-layered materials exhibit many intriguing properties, rendering them a bright application prospect in high-performance and functional devices. Recently, great progress have been achieved in the synthesis and applications of 2D non-layered materials. Therefore, in this review, the recent advances of 2D non-layered materials have been summarized, including the categories and crystal structures, the synthetic methods with the growth mechanism, advantages and limitations, as well as the potential applications in the fields of electronics, optoelectronics, catalysis, and energy storage. Finally, our perspectives on the challenges and future research focus are provided. In general, the emergence and development of 2D non-layered materials are an important complement to the research on 2D materials. The research on 2D non-layered materials will deepen our fundamental understanding of phenomena in two dimensions and promote optoelectronics, catalysis, and other applications with new direction.