Synthesis, bioevaluation and molecular dynamics of pyrrolo-pyridine benzamide derivatives as potential antitumor agents in vitro and in vivo

A total of 27 novel pyrrolo-pyridine benzamide derivatives were designed, synthesized and biologically evaluated. 14 of these derivatives were superior to Cabozantinib in cytotoxic assay, and compound 21 exhibited the best antitumor effect in vitro and vivo. Apoptosis activity was implemented by compound 21 on A549 cells, especially for the greatly enhanced late apoptosis compared with the control group (8.13% vs 4.49%), which was superior to that of Cabozantinib (6.89%). Similarly, 21 stagnated the A549 cells arrest in the two cell distribution phases (G0/G1 and G2/M) in dose-dependence manner. In addition, compound 21 could inhibit c-Met expression compared with Cabozantinib at the same concentration (10 μM). The results of molecular docking and dynamics study demonstrated that compound 21 formed four key hydrogen bonds with c-Met kinase. And key amino acids Met1160, Phe1134 and Phe1223 played a key functional role in the binding free energy. Furthermore, 21 exhibited high antitumor efficacy in tumor growth inhibition rate, which was superior to Cabozantinib (64.5% vs 47.9%). Overall, compound 21 could be considered as a promising antitumor agent.