(−)-Hydroxycitric Acid Influenced Fat Metabolism via Modulating of Glucose-6-phosphate Isomerase Expression in Chicken Embryos

The current research aimed to explore the impact of (−)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA) on fat metabolism and investigate whether this action of (−)-HCA was associated with modulation of glucose-6-phosphote isomerase (GPI) expression in chicken embryos. We constructed a recombinant plasmid (sh2-GPI) to inhibit GPI expression, and then embryos were treated with (−)-HCA. Results showed that (−)-HCA reduced lipid droplet accumulation, triglyceride content, and lipogenesis factors mRNA level and increased lipolysis factors mRNA expression, while this effect caused by (−)-HCA was markedly reversed when the chicken embryos were pretreated with sh2-GPI. (−)-HCA increased phospho (p)-acetyl-CoA carboxylase, enoyl-CoA hydratase short chain-1, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A, p-AMP-activated protein kinase, and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α protein expression, and this action of (−)-HCA also dispelled when the chicken embryos were pretreated with sh2-GPI. These data demonstrated that (−)-HCA decreased fat deposition via activation of the AMPK pathway, and the fat-reduction action of (−)-HCA was due to the increasing of GPI expression in chicken embryos.