Electrocatalytic N2-to-NH3 conversion with high faradaic efficiency enabled using a Bi nanosheet array

A Bi nanosheet array on Cu foil (Bi NS/CF) is efficient and stable for electrocatalytic N₂ reduction. In 0.1 M HCl, it shows a high faradaic efficiency of 10.26% at −0.50 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode.