High bandwidth holographic imaging

Objective measurements of the morphology and dynamics of label-free cells and tissues can be achieved by quantitative phase. Modern quantitative optical imaging possesses a huge information capacity. But the bandwidth of quantitative phase imaging is technically limited in an interferometric setup, thereby constraining the throughput in label-free phase imaging. Firstly, we demonstrate a high-bandwidth holographic microscopy which exploits high-throughput label-free quantitative phase image. We introduce Kramers–Kronig relations to the off-axis multiplexing technology. Based the analyticity of band-limited signal under diffraction-limited system, the maximum space bandwidth utilization in single multiplexing hologram is increased to 78.5%. Secondly, by assisting with off-axis optimized initial phase in the phase retrieval, high-resolution and full-field reconstruction by exploiting the full bandwidth are demonstrated for complex-amplitude reconstruction. Off-axis optimization phase provides an effective initial guess to avoid stagnation and minimize the required measurements of multi-plane phase retrieval. Different tumor types and a variety of precursor lesions and pathologies can be visualized with label-free specimens.