Anti-tumor immune potentiation targets-engineered nanobiotechnologies: Design principles and applications

Combined therapeutic strategies hold promises in augmenting antigen release to enhance anti-tumor immunity, which have garnered attention in numerous scholarly reviews. Beyond that, specific nanobiotechnologies aimed at enhancing immune potency have made substantial progress. However, there have no focused reviews on it yet. Herein, we comprehensively outlined the latest cutting-edge breakthroughs in anti-tumor immunity potentiation-enabled nanobiotechnologies, e.g., those capable of capturing neoantigens or immune cells and homing to lymph nodes. Especially, we underlined the design concepts and immune enhancement rationales of these cutting-edge nanobiotechnologies with a highlight on targeting or engineering various immune cells, organs, targets, singling pathway, physiological activity or process as well as other tumor-related targets to activate or boost immune response, immune infiltration, or mitigate immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Finally, we provided distinctive insights into the challenges faced by these strategies and the research direction of clinical translation, and also the potential solutions were provided. We expect this review will give more inspirations to guide or aid to design emerging nanobiotechnologies objective to truthfully improving clinical immunotherapy and elevating and bringing clinical benefits to cancer-bearing patients.