Ice‐templated Synthesis of Atomic Cluster Cocatalyst with Regulable Coordination Number for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

Abstract Supported metal catalysts have been exploited in various applications. Among them, cocatalyst supported on photocatalyst is essential for activation of photocatalysis. However, cocatalyst decoration in a controllable fashion to promote intrinsic activity remains challenging. Herein, we developed a versatile method for cocatalyst synthesis using an ice‐templating (ICT) strategy, resulting in size control from single‐atom (SA), and atomic clusters (AC) to nanoparticles (NP). Importantly, the coordination numbers (CN) of decorated AC cocatalysts are highly controllable, and this ICT method applies to various metals (e.g., Ni, Rh, Pt, and Ru) and photocatalytic substrates (e.g., TiO 2 , g‐C 3 N 4 , CdS, and LTCA). Taking narrow‐band gap Ga‐doped La 5 Ti 2 Cu 0.9 Ag 0.1 O 7 S 5 (LTCA) photocatalyst as an example, supported Ru AC/LTCA catalysts with regulable Ru CNs have been prepared, delivering significantly enhanced activities compared to Ru SA and Ru NPs supported on LTCA. Specifically, Ru (CN = 3.4) AC/LTCA with an average CN of Ru‐Ru bond measured to be ∼3.4 exhibits excellent photocatalytic H 2 evolution rate (578 μmol h −1 ) under visible light irradiation. Density functional theory calculation (DFT) reveals that the modeled Ru (CN = 3) atomic cluster cocatalyst possesses favorable electronic properties and available active sites for the H 2 evolution reaction. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved