Enhancing the efficiency of InGaN-based micro-LEDs using indium tin oxide p-electrodes

Here, we demonstrate replacing opaque Cr/Pt/Au metal p-electrodes with transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) p-electrodes to increase the light output of InGaN-based micro-light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs). ITO p-electrodes exhibit high transmittance of ∼ 80% across the visible spectrum and low resistivity, while metal p-electrodes exhibit negligible transmittance and significant absorption. The 20 × 20 µm