An Examination of the Immunologic Features of Recurrent Aphthous Ulcers during Their Entire Course

Recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) is a frequent oral mucosal illness that can affect all areas of the oral mucosa. Its symptoms include erosion, ulcers, and localized oral mucosal congestion. Its pathogenesis and etiology, however, are convoluted and uncertain. As of right now, the prevailing opinion is that immunological factors, vitamin deficiencies, infections, genetic anomalies, and other factors may play a role in its development. The body's immune-related components, such as cytokines (interleukin gamma Interferons), humoral immunity (complement, immunoglobulin), and cellular immunity (T lymphocyte subpopulations), are now widely acknowledged as being key players in the pathophysiology of the condition. In patients with RAU, the alterations in the amounts of many immune-related components are extremely intricate. This paper outlines the roles of immune regulation and the alterations in immune factor levels throughout the onset and healing of RAU. This paper can be used as a reference to learn more about the process underlying mouth ulcers and to treat and lower the disease's recurrence rate.