Alkaline phosphatase immobilization onto Bio‐Gide® and Bio‐Oss® for periodontal and bone regeneration

To evaluate the effect of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) immobilization onto Bio-Gide(®) in vitro, and to study the in vivo performance of ALP-enriched Bio-Gide(®) and/or Bio-Oss(®) with the purpose to enhance periodontal regeneration.Alkaline phosphatase ALP was immobilized onto Bio-Gide(®) and Bio-Oss(®) . Forty-eight rats received periodontal defects, which were treated according to one of the following strategies: Bio-Gide(®), Bio-Gide(®) -ALP, Bio-Gide(®) -ALP/Bio-Oss(®), Bio-Gide(®) /Bio-Oss(®) -ALP, Bio-Gide(®) -ALP/Bio-Oss(®) -ALP, or empty. Micro-CT and histological analysis were performed.A 30 min ALP-deposition time was determined as optimal from mineralization capacity assessment and consequently used as Bio-Gide(®) -ALP membranes in the animal experiment. In vivo results showed that after 2 weeks, the defect and implanted materials were still visible, an inflammatory response was present, and membrane degradation was ongoing. Bone formation, although limited, was observed in the majority of Bio-Gide(®) -ALP specimens and all of the Bio-Gide(®) /Bio-Oss(®) -ALP specimens, and was significantly higher compared with Bio-Gide(®) and empty controls. After 6 weeks, the defects and particles were still visible, whereas membranes were completely degraded. The inflammatory response was decreased and bone formation appeared superior for Bio-Gide(®) -ALP treated defects.Immobilization of ALP onto guided tissue regeneration (GTR)/ guided bone regeneration (GBR)-materials (Bio-Gide(®) and Bio-Oss(®)) can enhance the performance of these materials in GTR/GBR procedures.