二尖瓣脱垂
医学
表型
心脏病学
人口
二尖瓣
内科学
疾病
二尖瓣反流
遗传学
基因
生物
环境卫生
作者
Konstantinos Dean Boudoulas,Antonios A. Pitsis,Ernest L. Mazzaferri,Richard J. Gumina,Filippos Triposkiadis,Harisios Boudoulas
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.pcad.2020.03.004
摘要
Floppy mitral valve/mitral valve prolapse (FMV/MVP) is a common valvular abnormality affecting 2% to 3% of the general population. It occurs in a heterogeneous group of patients with varying and age dependent expressions. FMV/MVP can be familial or sporadic, isolated (called non-syndromic) or as a part of a well-defined syndrome of heritable connective tissue disorders or other diseases. A wide range of phenotypic expression exists ranging from asymptomatic to non-specific symptoms related to neuroendocrine or autonomic nervous system functional abnormalities, varying degrees of mitral regurgitation that may require interventional therapy, heart failure, infective endocarditis, cardiac arrhythmias and/or sudden cardiac death. FMV/MVP is predominantly considered a heritable disorder with clinical manifestations not present at birth, but appearing later in life. Though a variant gene may initiate the development of FMV/MVP, precise phenotypic expression may be related to multiple other molecular, genetic and epigenetic factors that modify the final expression of the disease. A better understanding of these mechanisms will help to better define the natural history of the disease, inhibit disease progression and even prevent the phenotypic expression of FMV/MVP.
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