Nature connectedness framework for adolescents: an integrative review

Connection to nature has been recognized to be critical for health, wellbeing and eco-supportive actions. While measures of children's connection to nature are relatively high, studies indicate a decline during early adolescence. Inconsistencies in existing research on conceptualization and measurement, along with the need to consider the unique experiences and perspectives of younger generations, highlight the need for an improved conceptual framework that guides the development of instruments that assess connection to nature. This article presents an integrative review that synthesized empirical literature from diverse fields to identify key dimensions of nature connectedness: emotional and relational connection, cognitive connection, experiential and sensory engagement, philosophical-ethical-spiritual connection, sustainable practices and stewardship, and psychological and physical wellbeing. An iterative integrative review methodology involving concept mapping and peer review feedback was employed to develop the Integrated Nature Connectedness Framework. The resulting framework is expected to guide the development of age-appropriate instruments for assessing connection to nature. By providing a holistic understanding of human-nature relationships in the context of a rapidly changing, technology-driven world, the Integrated Nature Connectedness Framework aims to inform educational strategies that effectively nurture nature connectedness and sustainable behaviors of adolescents.