Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus DACN152 effectively ameliorated letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome: sex hormone homeostasis, microbiota and metabolite profiles

. Serum metabolomic analysis revealed elevated levels of bile acids, including chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), taurocholic acid (TCA), taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), and cholic acid (CA). Collectively, these findings provide a theoretical basis for the development of probiotic-functional foods for PCOS.