Is employee training really gender-neutral? Introducing a sex/gender-sensitive model of training

This integrative literature review reflects on the discourse in training theory and practice that employee training is gender-neutral. In a review of 78 multidisciplinary empirical studies from across the world, 90% of studies show that sex/gender impacts the work environment of training participants, their characteristics, interaction with the training design, and/or training outcome. This suggests that a gender-neutral approach to training may not reflect the reality of sex/gender differences; hence, there is a need for reflectivity on the role of sex/gender in training theory and practice to ensure that employee training is inclusive and equitable. This review introduces a sex/gender-sensitive model of training to guide future research and practice, including the recommendation to move beyond decontextualised, binary sex-category based research towards a situated and intersectional understanding of the multiple aspects of sex and gender in training. • Training theory and practice do not consider the sex/gender of trainees. • A review of 78 multi-disciplinary studies finds a significant impact of sex/gender. • Sex/gender impacts the training system. • A sex/gender-sensitive model of training supports sex/gender equity.