法拉第效率
电解质
过电位
水溶液
氯化物
电化学
电偶阳极
阳极
化学
无机化学
离子
溶剂化
电极
阴极保护
物理化学
有机化学
作者
Qiu Zhang,Yeming Ma,Yong Lü,Xunzhu Zhou,Lin Lin,Lin Liu,Zhenhua Yan,Qing Zhao,Kai Zhang,Jun Chen
标识
DOI:10.1002/ange.202109682
摘要
Abstract Rechargeable aqueous Zn batteries are potential for large‐scale electrochemical energy storage due to their low cost and high security. However, Zn metal anode suffers from the dendritic growth and interfacial hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), resulting in the deterioration of electrode/battery performance. Here we propose that both dendrites and HER are related to the water participated Zn 2+ solvation structure‐Zn(H 2 O) 6 2+ and thus can be resolved by transforming Zn(H 2 O) 6 2+ to an anion‐type water‐free solvation structure‐ZnCl 4 2− , which is achieved in traditional ZnSO 4 aqueous electrolyte after adding chloride salt with a bulky cation (1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride). The elimination of cation‐water interaction suppresses HER, while the electrostatic repulsion between Zn tips and the anion solvation structure inhibits dendrite formation. As a result, the electrolyte shows uniform Zn deposition with an average Zn plating/stripping Coulombic efficiency of ≈99.9 %, enabling a capacity retention of 78.8 % after 300 cycles in anode‐free Zn batteries with pre‐zincificated polyaniline as the cathode. This work provides a novel electrolyte design strategy to prevent HER and realize long‐lifespan metal anode.
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