Artificial Lipids and Macrophage Membranes Coassembled Biomimetic Nanovesicles for Antibacterial Treatment

Abstract Tissue bacterial infections are a major pathological factor in many diseases. Effects on this aspect are in focus for the development of coordinated therapeutic strategies for bacterial killing and anti‐inflammation. Here, inspired by the biodetoxification capacity of immune cells, multifunctional biomimetic nanovesicles (MϕM‐LPs) that are co‐assembled by macrophage membranes and artificial lipids to deliver antibiotics for treating bacterial infections, are presented. The macrophage membrane endows the MϕM‐LPs with the capacity of lipopolysaccharide and inflammatory cytokine neutralization, while the artificial lipid membrane can be further engineered to increase the fluidity and anchor to bacteria. In addition, the MϕM‐LPs can deliver sufficient ciprofloxacin with controllable release to accomplish an excellent antibacterial activity and biodetoxification capacity in vitro. Based on these advantages, it is demonstrated in a mouse model of Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) focal infection, that a single injection of the biomimetic nanovesicles can effectively anchor to and eliminate S. aureus in the infected tissue and reduce inflammatory cytokine levels. Thus, the tissue regeneration and collagen deposition can be accelerated. These results indicate the potential values of integrating natural and artificial membrane materials as a multifunctional biomimetic drug delivery system to treat bacterial infections.