A versatile bacterial cell wall-based nanomedicine for combination treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma

, and depleting intracellular glutathione. Tumor antigens thus released can further elicit robust immune responses facilitated by the immunoadjuvant action of PgCW, subsequently suppressing OSCC recurrence and metastasis. Altogether, this study develops a versatile bacterial CW-based nanomedicine and provides an effective strategy for OSCC combination treatment.