Novel electrochemical sensing platform based on palygorskite nanorods/Super P Li carbon nanoparticles-graphitized carbon nanotubes nanocomposite for sensitive detection of niclosamide

We reported an one-pot ultrasonic-assisted method for the preparation of palygorskite nanorods/Super P Li carbon nanoparticles-graphitized carbon nanotubes (PNRs/SPCNPs-g-CNTs) nanocomposite, which was used to modify the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the fabrication of PNRs/SPCNPs-g-CNTs/GCE sensor. For the PNRs/SPCNPs-g-CNTs nanocomposite, PNRs with good stability presented large specific surface area and high adsorption, which promoted the enrichment of NA molecules on the electrode surface. SPCNPs with pearl chain-like nanostructure exhibited good electrical conductivity, and the combination of SPCNPs and g-CNTs with high graphitization degree formed an interconnected carbon conductive network with excellent electrical conductivity, which enhanced the charge transport efficiency. Moreover, the interconnected carbon conductive network of SPCNPs-g-CNTs not only promoted the dispersion degree of PNRs but also made up for the poor conductivity property of PNRs. When used for the detection of niclosamide (NA), an acceptable limit of detection (3.6 nM) was achieved at the PNRs/SPCNPs-g-CNTs/GCE sensor in linear NA concentration range of 0.01–10 μM. The PNRs/SPCNPs-g-CNTs/GCE sensor exhibited good reproducibility, repeatability, and anti-interference performance. For the practicability measurement, the fabricated sensor showed good practicability with satisfactory recoveries (97.0–102.7%) and low RSD values of 0.99–4.78% for the detection of NA in tap water and lake water samples.