A review of automotive intelligent and adaptive headlight beams intensity control approaches

The automotive headlight stands out as a critical vehicle component, particularly emphasized during nighttime driving. The high beam, designed for optimal driver visibility on long-distance roads, traditionally relies on manual control by the driver. However, this manual control poses challenges, particularly when the high beam light temporarily blinds oncoming drivers. The resultant dazzle for drivers of opposing vehicles is a significant concern. In response to these issues, there is a growing demand for adaptive and intelligent headlights that can autonomously adjust beam intensity. The intelligent headlight system takes on the responsibility of modifying the beam intensities without requiring explicit input from the drivers. This study aims to systematically review various approaches to controlling intelligent headlight beam intensity. The paper identifies four prominent approaches to intelligent headlight beam intensity control, recognized as widely used techniques. Furthermore, the study uncovers intriguing connections between some of these intensity control approaches. A survey on utilization rates indicates that sensor-based and machine learning (ML)-based intensity control approaches are the most commonly employed methods by automotive headlight designers. The paper concludes by providing insights into the future prospects of intelligent headlight technology, offering guidance for future researchers in this field.