Single-Cell RNA-Seq Data Clustering: Highlighting Computational Challenges and Considerations

Recent advancements in single-cell transcriptomics have revolutionized data generation, resulting in the production of vast amounts of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. The intricate biology of tissues and organs may be better understood through the analysis of such data, which aims to not only identify known cell types but also uncover novel ones. In this paper, we outline the standard single-cell RNA-seq data analytic process with particular focus on the critical role of unsupervised clustering, since it has a significant influence over subsequent analyses and the resulting biological insights. However, navigating the computational landscape for clustering single-cell transcriptomic data poses significant challenges. Thus, in this article, we provide a simplified exploration of key computational challenges and considerations within the realm of scRNA-seq data clustering, emphasizing the application and relevance of selected unsupervised methods in current research, while acknowledging the potential for further investigation of the biological aspects in this field. Furthermore, we present recommendations on how such challenges may be addressed. This work not only sheds light on the complexities of scRNA-seq data cluster analysis, but also provides insights into how to effectively address and surmount these challenges.