Theory of mind in adolescents with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that may be associated with impaired Theory of Mind (ToM) and social cognition. ToM is a domain in social cognition, referring to one's ability to attribute beliefs, intents, perspectives, and understandings to oneself or others and to understand others' mental states. Materials & Methods: The present study enrolled 52 ADHD of adolescents and 41 healthy age-matched controls in this study. This study applied The Reading the Mind in The Eyes Task (RMET) and Theory of Mind Assessment Scale (Th.o.m.a.s.) for all participants. The results of these tasks were compared between the two study groups. Results: No significant differences were found between these two study groups regarding ToM abilities using mean scores in the Th.o.m.a.s. inventory and the RMET. Furthermore, no association was found between the mean score in the ToM (in both study groups) and this study's parameters of gender, mean age, birth rank, family structure, and income. Conclusion: This study did not support the hypothesis that adolescents with ADHD perform worse on ToM tasks.