Teaching Methods to Build Nursing Competency in Clinical Practicum: A Review of Literature

Objectives Nursing practicum has used various teaching methods to enable nursing students to build their nursing competencies. This review summarized the definition of nursing competencies, teaching modes of delivery, and teaching methods that were commonly used in clinical practicum in South Korea. Methods The initial search resulted in 17 articles in RISS, nine in DBpia, and 54 in KISS. Following the removal of duplicates, 14 articles were excluded. Next, the title and abstract of 66 studies were reviewed against our in-clusion and exclusion criteria, and 39 studies remained for the full-text review. Following these steps, 37 studies were included in this literature review. Results Nursing competencies were measured using 17 concepts in clinical practicum. Of these 17 concepts, the most common concept used to evaluate nursing competency in clinical training was communication skills in nurs-ing practice, followed by clinical performance skills, problem-solving skills, self-discipline in learning, critical thinking skills, self-efficacy, and clinical reasoning skills. In terms of teaching modes of delivery in clinical practi-cum, the following modes were commonly used: simulation training, online learning, hybrid learning, and face-to-face training. Regarding teaching methods, high-fidelity simulation, flipped learning, team-based learn-ing, problem-based learning, and role-playing were commonly used in nursing practicum. Conclusions This literature review identified the commonly used concept of nursing competency in clinical practi-cum, teaching modes of delivery, and teaching methods in the existing literature published before the 4th cycle of the Korean Nursing Education Accreditation evaluation. Given that a new model of the Korean Nursing Education Accreditation was recently launched and new criteria for nursing competency were announced, the current clinical practicum needs to adopt new concepts of nursing competency and revise teaching methods accordingly. Future studies warrant more detailed investigations on evaluating the appropriateness of the sub-categories of clinical training.