Analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory efficacy of ketorolac in the chicks

Now-a-days, there is a need for newly, non-addicted and effective analgesics with less side effects. Therefore, the present study evaluated the analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory efficacy of ketorolac in 7–21 days old broiler chicks and its possible application in the related field. The analgesic median effective dose (ED50) of ketorolac that caused analgesia in 50% of the chicks was 9.1 mg/kg, intramuscular (IM). Ketorolac caused analgesic and antipyretic effects at multiple doses (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, IM) in a dose dependent manner, whereas these percentages were significantly higher when ketorolac was injected @ 10 and 20 mg/kg, IM. All times recorded (15, 30, 60 and 120 min) for evaluating the analgesic effect of ketorolac produced analgesia while the higher and better analgesic efficacy was observed at 15 min after ketorolac injection. The injection of ketorolac @ 20 mg/kg, IM exerted anti-inflammatory activity by significantly reducing the right paw thickness of the chicks as a result of formaldehyde injection in comparison to control. There was no liver damage, impaired metabolism and function may be attributed to the ketorolac treatment in the chicks which was evaluated through estimation of serum AST and ALT concentrations. The study suggests the benefit of using ketorolac as an analgesic, antipyretic and antiinflammatory drug in the field of veterinary medicine due to its good, reliable and efficient efficacy.