[Expert consensus on operational procedures for bronchial artery embolization in the treatment of hemoptysis].

1.Given the complexity of bronchial artery anatomy, various projection angles should be utilized intraoperatively to fully visualize the morphology of the affected vessels.2.The primary culprit vessels in hemoptysis are typically the bronchial arteries, ectopic bronchial arteries, and non-bronchial systemic arteries. However, vigilance is still required for hemoptysis originating from pulmonary arteries and veins.3.It is recommended to establish a multidisciplinary team for hemoptysis management to collaboratively develop tailored treatment plans.4.In cases where the patient exhibits signs of asphyxiation, a prompt assessment of the need for tracheal intubation is crucial to maintain airway patency. If necessary, perioperative management should include endoscopic intervention.5. Preoperative bronchial artery CT angiography is recommended to thoroughly identify and assess the responsible vessels before BAE.6. Prior to embolization, comprehensive angiography of all implicated vessels should be performed. The use of coaxial microcatheter techniques and appropriate embolization materials is recommended for super-selective embolization to avoid non-target embolization.7. Long-term management and follow-up of patients post-BAE is advised, including health education and a focus on treating the underlying condition to reduce the risk of hemoptysis recurrence.