Synthesis of Natural Boron-Self-Doped Sugarcane Bagasse-Derived of Hierarchical Carbon Porous For Boosting Symmetric Supercapacitor Performance In Renewable Energy Applications

Abstract The main factors in improving supercapacitor charge storage are synergistic nano-hierarchical-pore structure modification and natural heteroatom doping strategy. These factors depend on the reasonable selection of precursors, activators, and preparation strategies. In this study, natural Self-Boron and Oxygen-doped carbon porous was achieved through an environmentally benign approach with a dual-solid-cell system electrode design strategy. The precursor was dried sugarcane bagasse, which was converted into porous carbon by dual-atmosphere vertical pyrolysis. Carbon pores structure modification was studied at high temperatures of 800°C-900°C, respectively. The precursor pyrolyzed at 850°C has a porosity as high as 563.72 m 2 g −1 with excellent micropores reaching 92.8%. Morphological properties and crystallinity have also been tested to provide support. The as-prepared material undergoes a significant transformation, resulting in a well-defined 3D hierarchical pore structure. Through a series of high-temperature pyrolysis processes, the carbon framework of the pores is broken down and replaced with various dopants, particularly boron and oxygen, enriching the material. Furthermore, the carbon element content reaches 87.17%, with an oxygen doping amount of 12.38% and boron at 0.45%, ensuring Faraday reactions and initiating pseudo-capacitance in the active material. The extraordinary physico-chemical behaviour of supercapacitor cells based sugarcane bagasse achieves a capacitive properties of 151.6 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 . The energy output increases to 21 Wh kg −1 , and the power output is 167 W kg −1 in a acidic medium. Sugarcane bagasse is a highly promising as electrode source in electrochemical energy storage devices, particularly in supercapacitors. It leverages an eco-friendly process that utilizes bio-waste without the need for chemical activators, all while exhibiting outstanding electrochemical properties.