Degradation Pathways in Perovskite Solar Cells: Strategies for Enhancing Stability

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated a remarkable increase in efficiency from 3.81% in 2009 to over 26.7% as of 2024. However, significant barriers remain standing in the pathway of PSCs advancement. The stability of perovskite cells has become a critical challenge for their widespread adoption in photovoltaic technology. External environmental factors, such as oxygen, moisture, light, and heat, are the primary causes of PSC degradation. Improving the stability of perovskite and the resilience of PSC devices is essential for enhancing the efficiency and lifespan of PSCs. This survey explores recent studies on the impact of various environmental elements, such as oxygen, moisture, UV radiation, solution‐based processing, and temperature fluctuations, on the stability of PSCs. Furthermore, it investigates potential approaches to address these challenges.