Sustainable Encapsulation of Bacillus velezensis FZB42 Using Tunicate-Derived Carboxymethylcellulose Hydrogels for Enhanced Biocontrol Efficiency

, in vitro assays. Beyond its functional performance, the system provides an environmentally conscious solution by repurposing discarded tunicate shells, a major marine waste byproduct. Overall, this platform supports the long-term stabilization and delivery of microbial agents while promoting sustainable agricultural practices and marine biowaste valorization.