Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation for migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background: Medication is commonly used to treat migraine. However, patients may experience adverse events or fail to respond to medication. In recent years, neuromodulation techniques have emerged as potential non-pharmacological therapy for migraine. This article focuses on a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (n-VNS) for migraine to determine the efficacy, safety and tolerability of n-VNS. Methods: We searched PUBMED, EMBASE, and Cochrane Center Register of Controlled Trials databases up to July 15, 2022. Primary outcomes were monthly reduced migraine/headache days, and pain-free rates within 2 h. Secondary outcomes were ≥ 50% responder rate, headache intensity, monthly acute medication reduction days, and adverse events. Results: = 0.43). In addition, n-cVNS was found safe and well-tolerated in most patients. Conclusion: These findings show that n-VNS is a promising method for migraine management.