Obeticholic acid aggravates liver injury by up-regulating the liver expression of osteopontin in obstructive cholestasis

Obeticholic acid (OCA) was approved for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) patients, as it can significantly improve the level of serum alkaline phosphatase. However, OCA-induced liver injury in PBC patients puts them at risk of acute chronic liver failure, thus limiting the clinical application of OCA. Osteopontin (OPN), an extracellular cell matrix molecule, is highly induced in many cholestatic liver diseases. Herein we explored whether liver injury exacerbation by OCA was related to OPN.Bile duct ligation (BDL) mice were treated with OCA (40 mg/kg) to evaluate its effect on liver injury and OPN involvement. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blot, immunohistochemistry, and other assays were used to detect OPN levels in serum and liver. Immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence, among other assays, were used to evaluate the extent of ductular reaction. The extent of fibrosis was also determined using various assays, such as immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and hydroxyproline assays.OPN was overexpressed in the liver of BDL mice treated with OCA. OCA induced overexpression of OPN exacerbated ductular reaction, fibrosis, and liver inflammation, and reduced hepatocyte proliferation.Upon liver injury, OCA upregulates the expression of OPN in the liver and accelerates disease progression. This mechanism helps explain the risk of liver damage associated with OCA.