Optimization of Lavender Essential Oil and Phenolic Yield: Advances in Extraction, Metabolomics, and Functional Benefits

Metabolomic analyses offer comprehensive insights into the biochemical composition of lavender, allowing researchers to identify metabolites linked to favorable agricultural traits, disease resistance, optimized oil extraction, superior quality attributes, and potential nutraceutical value; these data-driven findings guide targeted breeding, cultivation strategies, and product development. Lavender (L. angustifolia) is widely recognized for its aroma and health-promoting compounds, including monoterpenoids and phenolics like rosmarinic acid. Essential oil yield and quality depend on cultivation methods and extraction techniques. This review evaluates recent technological advances to optimize oil production, aroma, and phenolic content, using metabolomics techniques to comprehensively analyze lavender constituents. This comprehensive profiling reveals lavender's defensive mechanisms by linking its constituents to considerable health benefits. The findings help improve lavender quality and use in health and well-being.