Tertiary lymphoid structures correlate with the therapeutic efficacy and prognosis of resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus immunotherapy

NRCI therapy significantly enhanced the prognosis of resectable ESCCs compared to NCI therapy. The distribution and abundance of TLSs were clearly associated with OS in ESCCs and acted as independent prognostic indicators for OS in NRCI therapy. NRCI therapy extended OS and bolstered antitumor immune responses by facilitating the proliferation and activation of M-TLSs.