Designed growth of tungsten-doped nickel oxide nanocrystal film toward high electrochromic performance with neutral color

W-doped nickel oxide nanocrystals were meticulously designed with neutral color electrochromic characteristics. W-doping regulates the crystal size, ensuring high transmittance in the bleached state (94.6%) and modulated color tone. The doped NiO film exhibits enhanced cycling stability, indicating its substantial potential in constructing high-performance electrochromic devices.